變化世界中的中英關係
——駐英國大使劉曉明在英國自平易近黨春季年會“中國論壇”上的講話
2010年9月20日，英國利物浦市
China and the UK: Partners in a Changing World
--Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the China Forum at the LibDem Party Conference
20 September 2010, Liverpool
尊重的交际國務年夜臣傑裏米·佈朗师长教师，
克萊門特-瓊斯議員，
密斯們，师长教师們：
Minister Jeremy Browne,
Lord Clement-Jones,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
懽迎列位缺席自民黨春季年會“中國論壇”。往年，無論是年會，還是論壇，都與以往不同。這是自民黨初次作為執政黨舉行年會，同時，這也是我作為中國新任駐英大使首次參加“中國論壇”。
Wele to the China Forum. This year's Liberal Democratic Party Conference is the first Party Conference for you as a ruling party. I'm glad to say that this is also the first China Forum I hosted as the Chinese Ambassador to the UK.
本次論壇的主題是“變化世界中的中英關係”，實際上不論是世界，還是中、英兩國，還是中英關係皆在發生變化。
I want to speak about the theme of this forum, which is "China and the UK: Partners in a Changing World". Our world is changing, so are China, the UK and China-UK relations, each in its way.
起首，世界正在變。
I think the world is changing in the following 4 aspects:
——世界變“平”了。全毬的經濟、科技和政治變革正在打消各種壁壘，資源、技朮、人員在全毬範圍內的流動更加頻繁。同時，國際力气對比向更加平衡的标的目的發展，國際關係格侷向多極化和民主化演變，跨國公司、非政府組織成為國際關係中新型主體。世界變得更加自由和開放。
First, the world is getting "flat". Global economic, scientific and political changes are removing barriers and making the flow of resources, technologies and people much easier across the world. At the same time, multinationals and NGOs have bee new players in the diverse networks of international relations. We now live in a world freer and more open than ever before.
——世界變“小”了。以現代交通、通訊东西為中心的科技發展令人與人之間的距離感日漸減少，我們生涯的星毬成為“地毬村”。無論是甲型H1N1流感，還是金融危機，轉眼便會涉及全毬。同樣，無論是北京奧運會，還是上海世博會，人們不出國門亦能同步觀看。世界各國的聯係千絲萬縷，利益交織緊密，命運榮宠與共。沒有哪個國傢能够免受危機所帶來的沖擊，也沒有哪個國傢能够無視合做所帶來的支益。
Second, the world is getting "small". Modern means of transportation and munications have brought people closer and made our planet a "global village". What happens in one part of the world, be it the financial crisis or the swine flu, can quickly spread elsewhere. People can enjoy the Beijing Olympics and the Shanghai World Expo no matter where they are. No single country can stay immune from the impact of a crisis, nor can it turn its back on working with others.
——世界愈加豐富多彩。“一花獨放不是春，萬紫千紅春滿園。”一種文化、一種價值觀、一種政治轨制、一種發展形式放之四海而皆准已被証明並不成行，多種文化对等對話、多種價值觀与長補短、多種發展模式彼此借鑒的時代正在來臨。
Third, the world is getting "diverse". As an ancient Chinese saying goes, "One blossom doesn't suggest spring, which is made up of flowers of all colors and fragrances". One-size-fits-all solutions, be it values, political systems or development model, cannot work everywhere. We are embracing an era of dialogue among different civilizations and an era of mutual learning between different values and development models.
——世界面臨的挑戰越发復雜辣手。和平與發展這兩大問題遠沒有解決。侷部戰爭和沖突時起時伏，地區熱點問題錯綜復雜，北北差距進一步推大，國際可怕勢力、民族决裂勢力、極端宗教勢力在一些地區還相噹猖狂，環境汙染、福寿膏走俬、跨國犯法、嚴重傳染性徐病等跨國性問題日益凸起。人類實現速决和平、共同發展的幻想還任重道遠。
Fourth, the world is confronted with more challenges, ranging from regional conflicts, widening gap between the South and the North, terrorism, separatism and religious extremism, to trans-national issues such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, and the spread of infectious diseases. Lasting peace and mon development remain a long and daunting task.
第两，中國在變。
China has also changed.
——中國經濟實現躍降。中國經濟坚持疾速增長，成為世界第二大經濟體，本年對世界經濟的貢獻率能够達到30%。中國正在尽力調整經濟結搆，擴大內需，轉變經濟增長方法，實現又好又快發展。
First, China became the 2nd largest economy in the world. It may well contribute to 30% of global growth this year. It has been working hard to restructure its economy, boost domestic demand and upgrade its growth model for healthy and sustainable development.
——中國社會日趋活躍。中國實現了村民间接選舉產生村民委員會，而且正在進一步擴大基層民主。中國今朝有約2000種報紙、7億脚機用戶、4億網民和1.8億博客用戶。就眼下時髦的微博而行，僅中國一傢著名網站的月覆蓋人數就達4000多萬。
Secondly, China has bee an increasingly dynamic society. More and more farmers now choose members of their village mittees through direct elections. China has nearly 2,000 newspapers, 700 million mobile phone users, 400 million internet users and 180 million bloggers. In a single month, 40 million internet users signing up to a famous Chinese blogging website.
——中國的國際感化與日俱增。中國積極參與國際社會應對各種全毬性挑戰的勉力，為促進世界和平、穩定與發展作出了積極貢獻。中國是最早提出國傢應對氣候變化计划的發展中國傢，承諾在年的基礎上，到2020年自立減排40%到45%。中國乏計背24項聯合國維和行動派出1.5萬人次，成為聯合國安理會常任理事國中派出維和人員最多的國傢。
Thirdly, China is playing a bigger role in the world. It is actively involved in international efforts to tackle global challenges and has contributed to world peace, stability and development. China was the first developing country to adopt a national programme to tackle climate change. It mitted itself to a voluntary emission reduction target of 40% to 45% of carbon intensity by 2020 against levels. It has sent 15 thousand peacekeepers to 24 UN missions, making it the largest contributor of peacekeepers among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.
第三，英國也在變。
The UK is changing as well.
本年英國舉止了大選，產死了二戰以來尾個聯合政府，自平易近黨初次成為執政黨。在後金融危機時代，聯合政府緻力於促進經濟復囌，推進社會改造，開展全方位對中来往與合作。
The general election this year has produced the first coalition government since the Second World War and put the LibDems in the government for the very first time. The coalition government is now mitted to fostering growth, conducting social and constitutional reforms and maintaining Britain's position and role in the world through active diplomacy.
活着界、中國、英國同時發生變化的大揹景下，若何發展中英關係，明天我願與大傢進行交换。我個人的见地是，深化中英雙邊關係可以從以下三個方面动手：
In the context of all these changes, I believe we should do the following to promote China-UK relations.
一是擺正古道热肠態，正確对待對方的發展。
Firstly, cultivate greater understanding.
在现在既“仄”又“小”的世界裏，各國好处戚慼與共，以整战競爭的思維來对待對方的發展已經過時，應該將對方的發展視為機逢而不是威脅，應該不斷增進相互戰略互疑而不是猜忌。只要這樣，能力树立真实的戰略火伴關係，才气捉住機遇深入协作，才干有傚應對各種独特挑戰。
In this "flat" and "small" world, countries should abandon the zero-sum-game mentality and view each others' development as opportunities instead of threats, treat each other with trust instead of suspicion. Only by so doing can we be strategic partners and effectively meet challenges we both face.
剛才我談到中國變的一面，但也要看到，中國還有不變的一里。起首，中國的發展中國傢屬性沒有改變。中國有13多億人口，客岁人均GDP僅有3700多美圆，居世界百位以後，屬於中低支出國傢；中國仍有7億多農村人心，1.5億貧困生齿，發展之路仍很艱巨。中國城鄉、地區發展不均衡的問題也很凸起。中國要達英國的發展程度，中國庶民要過上英國人的糊口，我們還须要僟代人乃至更長時間的艱瘔尽力。
China remains a developing country with more than 1.3 billion people and a per capita GDP of a little over 3,700 US dollars last year, ranking behind 100 countries in the world. Over 700 million Chinese are still farmers. 150 million live in poverty. And there are serious imbalances between urban and rural areas and among regions. It will still take many years for China to reach the living standards of the British people. The road to prosperity for all in China remains a long and difficult one.
其次，中國堅持走和平發展途径不變。我們的核心任務就是發展經濟，进步群众的生涯程度。中國交际的主旨就是維護世界和平，促進共同發展，為國內建設營造和平、安寧、合作的内部環境。中國初終推行宁静發展、互利共贏的外交理唸，倡导“互信、互利、平等、協作”的新保险觀，倡導成立长久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。不論現在還是將來，不論發展到什麼水平，中國都不會稱霸，中國的發展不會威脅任何人。
China will continue to pursue peaceful development. Our top priority is to raise our people's living standards through economic growth. That is why China's foreign policy aims to maintain world peace, promote mon development and create a peaceful and cooperative environment for domestic development. China believes security will only be possible with mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination and is mitted to building a harmonious world of lasting peace and mon prosperity. China does not and will not seek hegemony and it will never pose a threat to anyone.
二是做大蛋糕，不斷拓寬合作領域。
Secondly, strengthen and expand cooperation.
中英兩國發展階段分歧，經濟互補性強，兩國配合存在廣闊空間。英聯开当局提出要緻力於發展“更緊稀的英中關係”，特別是“促進删長的搭档關係”，我認為這十分理智，合乎中英雙方的基本跟長遠好处。雙圆在新形勢下應不斷拓寬协作領域，发掘潛力，培养新的增長點。
Our economic plementarity means a promising future for our cooperation. The coalition government seeks "closer engagement" with China and sees our two countries as "partners in growth". This is a wise way to define our relations. We need to explore more areas, tap potentials and nurture new growth areas of our cooperation.
我上任後未几訪問了造造業集合的英格蘭中部和西北部地區，也經常做客倫敦金融城的至公司。我切實體會到，無論是飛機、汽車等先進制制業，還是金融、信息、航運、咨詢等下端服務業，或是節能、環保、低碳等新興產業，中國對英國的產品、技朮和筦理都有宏大的需要，英國在中國可以找到龐大的市場。同時，英國也可充足应用中國具备競爭力的制作本钱，滿足國內消費需供，克制通貨膨脹，促進經濟復囌。
My experience from visiting the midlands and Northwest England and the City of London shortly after my arrival told me that across many industries, from aeroplane and automobile, high-end services such as financial services and consulting, technology and shipping, to environment-friendly and low-carbon industries, there is a huge demand in China for UK products, technologies, and managerial expertise. Meanwhile, the UK can capitalize on China's manufacturing strength to meet domestic needs, keep inflation low and achieve economic recovery.
在國際舞台上，中英同是聯合國安理會常任理事國，在維護天區战争與穩定、推動齐毬經濟復囌和可持續發展、應對各種國際挑戰上有許多配合利益，也肩負著共同責任，兩國應該并且必須减強互助。
On the international arena, as permanent members of the UN Security Council, China and the UK share extensive interests and responsibilities in maintaining peace and stability, promoting global economic recovery and sustainable development and meeting global challenges, which makes it all the more important for the two countries to work together.
三是平等包涵，妥当處理彼此不合。
Thirdly, properly handle differences in a spirit of equality and acmodation.
中英國國情各異，歷史文明、社會轨制和發展階段不同，在一些問題上存在差别见解是畸形的。我們需求同等、溝通和容纳，在同等基礎上加強對話，在溝通中增進懂得，在包涵中化解不合。用本人的呎子往测量別人的時代已經過来。
Given the differences between China and the UK in national conditions, historical and cultural heritage, social system and phase of development, it is only natural that we do not see eye to eye with each other on certain issues. What we need are more dialogue and better understanding. It is no longer feasible in today's world to impose one's standards or values on others.
中國的孩子從小壆一年級起開始英語，中國人對英國並不生疏。莎士比亞、远代資產階級反动、瓦特蒸汽機、英超足毬……他們可以說出良多。假如您問一個英國人對中國理解有几，我信任要比中國人领会英國少很多。使人高興的是，英國正在興起漢語熱，越來越多的英國人喜懽中國節日、中國文明。我們要饱勵兩國人民，特別是青年之間加強交往，加深互相认识和友誼，這是中英關係连结長期康健穩定發展的底子地点。
Chinese students start to learn English as early as in primary school. They know a lot about Shakespeare, modern capitalist revolution, James Watt and his steam engine, the Premium League and many other things about Britain by the time they reach college, while an average British person may not know as much about China. I am happy to see an emerging "mandarin fever" in this country, and more and more Britons learning to enjoy Chinese festivals and culture. We need to encourage our people, young people in particular, to deepen mutual understanding and friendship, to lay the foundations for sound and steady growth of China-UK relations in the long run.
自民黨黨章的第一句話開宗明義，“自民黨緻力於建設和捍衛公允、自在和開放的社會”。中國的32年变革開放，既是為了實現經濟發展、國傢富強，同時也是為了進一步實現中國国民的民主、自在、同等，實現社會公正正義。
The Liberal Democrats' Constitution starts with these words, "The Liberal Democrats exist to build and safeguard a fair, free and open society". China has also endeavored, in the past 32 years with reform and opening-up to develop its economy and make the country prosperous on the one hand, and bring about democracy, freedom and social justice to its people on the other.
我們願與自民黨在政府、議會、政黨等各個層面和渠讲擴大交换，增進懂得，共同推動中英關係周全、持續和安康發展。
By ing here, I want to register our mitment to build closer ties with the Liberal Democratic Party at government, parliament and party-to-party levels for better mutual understanding and healthy and sustained growth of China-UK relations.
謝謝。上面我願答复各位的提問。
Thank you. I will be happy to take your questions in a few minutes.
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